Jean-François Lyotard (1924-1998) was a French philosopher and literary theorist, known for his contributions to postmodernism and his critical exploration of the nature of knowledge and communication. He wrote in 1979 about the postmodern condition: the fragmentation of grand narratives and the rise of performativity as a new criterion of legitimacy in knowledge production. Lyotard showed that overarching narratives give way to knowledge that is valued for its utility and efficiency. Later, he elaborated on postmodernity as a structural mode of discourse rather than a historical period. 

Lyotard argued that postmodern art should explore what transcends representation. He also proposed that contemporary events like the Holocaust should invoke a sublime response that redefines our understanding of humanity.

Lyotard also wrote about the impact of capitalism on society, and the intersection of desire and capitalism, although he later distanced himself from this psychoanalytic framework.

Despite facing criticism from Marxist theorists and poststructuralists, Lyotard's insights into the dynamics of discourse and the transformative potential of language and art are still influential.